In China between 1989 and 1901, a Chinese secret organization called the Yihequan (Righteous and harmonious fists) led an uprising in northern China against the spread of Western and Japanese influence there. The group practiced certain boxing and rituals in the belief that this made them invulnerable. Their members, referred to by Westerners as Boxers killed foreigners and Chinese Christians and destroyed foreign property. By the terms of the Boxer Protocol, which officially ended the rebellion in 1901, China agreed to pay more than $330 million in reparations.
Answer:
Both of these movements took place before the Civil rights movements and colonies gaining independence of the 1960s where a serious reckoning over discrimination began and continues today.
Explanation:
When the America Civil right War occurred, the result was that freedmen were freed but didn't not mean that the freedmen were treated equally nor fairly. Hence why discrimination continued often spearheaded by state governments with the federal governments doing little to deter it. Along side this was the rise of pseudo science movements. Science despite pushing empirical evidence can be tainted by the bias of those utilizing it. So brain surgeon of those times may see slight differences in skull shapes and use that as "evidence" for pseudo science to justify discrimination instead of seeing that beneath the skull, are the same organs, that look the same, function the same and can't be found in another species besides homosapiens (modern humans). This is why peer-reviewes and continous replication of experiments between different generations of scientists are important.
Mexican-American farmworker, labor leader and civil rights activist César Chávez brought about better conditions for agricultural workers. Born on his family’s farm near Yuma, Arizona, Chávez witnessed the harsh conditions farm laborers endured. Routinely exploited by their employers, they were often unpaid, living in shacks in exchange for their labor, with no medical or other basic facilities. Without a united voice, they had no means to improve their position. Chávez changed that when he dedicated his life to winning recognition for the rights of agricultural workers, inspiring and organizing them into the National Farm Workers Association, which later became the United Farm Workers. Through marches, strikes and boycotts, Chávez forced employers to pay adequate wages and provide other benefits and was responsible for legislation enacting the first Bill of Rights for agricultural workers. For his commitment to social justice and his lifelong dedication to bettering the lives of others, Chávez was posthumously recognized with the highest civilian honor, the Presidential Medal of fdom.
It would be that "<span>A. International trade spread farther than ever before", since before the Postclassical era most trade was confined to relatively small areas, especially in Europe. </span>
