Human are called heterotrophs because they can not prepare their own food from simple carbons sources but obtain ready made food from other organisms like plants etc.
Answer:
explanation below
Explanation:
Genotype, the genetic constitution of an organism. The genotype determines the hereditary potentials and limitations of an individual from embryonic formation through adulthood. Among organisms that reproduce sexually, an individual’s genotype comprises the entire complex of genes inherited from both parents. It can be demonstrated mathematically that sexual reproduction virtually guarantees that each individual will have a unique genotype (except for those individuals, such as identical twins, who are derived from the same fertilized egg).
2. Cell, Stem Cell, Tissue, Organs, Organ System, Organism
3. Cardiac Muscle Cell, Stem Cell, Cardiac Muscle Tissue, Circulatory System, Heart
4. Bone Cell, Stem Cell, Connective Tissue, Skeletal System, Bone
Notice how there's a certain noticeable pattern to the complexity of the systems and organs.
Answer: system
Two or more organs working together form a system
Explanation:
A system is formed by two or more organs working together and performing similar function. For instance: organs such as the mouth, oesophagus, small intestine, pancreas, large intestine etc all joined to form the digestive system.
Thus, system is the answer
Answer:
Problems with transfection efficiency or absence of essential mRNA modifications (capping and poly-A tail)
Explanation:
Translation is the process of protein synthesis from RNA in which the genetic information encoded in a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule is translated into a protein sequence composed of amino acids. Translation has three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. During translation, different elements are required to initiate, continue and complete the process, which include essential molecules such as amino acids, mRNA, tRNAs, ribosomes, energy-carrying molecules (i.e., ATP, GTP), initiation factors (i.e., eIF1A, eIF3, etc) and elongation factors (eEF-2, EIF5A). For example, humans can't synthesize nine essential amino acids (i.e., threonine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, valine, methionine, leucine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine), thereby it is imperative to include these amino acids to synthesize proteins composed of them. On the other hand, it is also fundamental to take into account that the efficiency of transfection of the molecules required during translation, as well as the absence of modifications in the mature mRNA sequence, may alter the process in vitro.
