Byzantine Emperor Alexius did not have enough power to go against the Seljuk Turks who had settled outside the gates of Byzantium, so he invited Christian rulers in the west to join forces against a common Islamic enemy. So, in addition to that Seljuk Turks were Muslims.
This will prove to be one of the most significant (and by Byzantium as one of the most disastrous) decisions in the history of the Empire, the Christian world and the history of relations between Christians and Muslims.
Roman Pope Urban used this invitation to help end the centuries-old aspirations of Roman Catholic leaders to annex the Byzantine Church to the Roman Catholic subjugation. Therefore, in 1095, at the council in Clermont, he called on the entire Western Christian world to take up arms under the sign of the cross and to embark on a campaign to retake Jerusalem from the hands of the unbelievers. This was followed by an incredible and unexpectedly massive response from warriors from all parts of the western countries from the Mediterranean to the North Sea, and one of the points on their journey was Constantinople.
Explanation:
- The Byzantine emperor Alexius expected help in the form of a smaller number of mercenary units from the west and was completely unprepared for a huge and undisciplined army of armed savages who soon arrived in the Byzantine territories.
- Most of the leaders from the west were Normans, and Emperor Alexius allowed them to pass through Constantinople only on the condition that they swear that all the liberated territories would belong to Byzantium.
- The Norman promises to Byzantium were quickly broken as soon as the first unbelieving territories and cities were conquered, including Antioch, which was adopted as a feud by the Norman Bohemund, son of the famous Norman conqueror Robert, proclaiming himself the Prince of Antioch.
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Explanation: For Russification in Partitioned Poland, see Russification of Poles during the Partitions. For Germanization in Poland during World War II, see Germanisation in Poland (1939–1945).
After partitioning Poland at the end of the 18th century, the Kingdom of Prussia and later the German Empire imposed a number of Germanization policies and measures in the newly gained territories, aimed at limiting the Polish ethnic presence and culture in these areas. This process continued through its various stages until the end of World War I, when most of the territories became part of the Second Polish Republic, which largely limited the capacity of further Germanisation efforts of the Weimar Republic until the later Nazi occupation. The genocidal policies of Nazi-Germany against ethnic Poles between 1939 and 1945 can be understood as a continuation of previous Germanization processes.
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The answer is below:
Explanation:
President Lyndon Johnson, who was the United States President between 1963 to 1969, following the resignation of J.F. Kennedy, believed the government should provide social and general welfare reforms that benefit the overall citizens.
In contrast, President Ronald Reagan, who was the United States President between 1981 to 1989, believed that the government should cut spending on social reforms and stay away from businesses but increase spending on military capabilities.
