Question

to what extent did the benefits of industrialization, as Andrew Carnegie suggested, outweigh its costs

Answer 1

I'd say to a pretty good extent. 
Here's a list of the benefits:
"-it contributed to the US becoming a Global Power
-brought the US together with other Nations (Transportation)
-made products more affordable
-production of things is must faster and this allows us to get more goods
-left a better and easier way of life for those struggling
-better living conditions today
-make our society more efficient and convenient 
-allowed more opportunities to arise for people (first man on the moon)
-population and life expectancy increased
-allows us to learn/discover more about the past"