Silicates is the answer to this.
Answer:
a. p53 activates transcription of WAF1.
Explanation:
<u>WAF1 transcription occurs independent of p53 during oxidative stress so p53 does not play any role in cell cycle arrest in the signaling pathway which involves WAF1 . </u>
In rest of the mentioned options, p53 plays a role directly or indirectly. During double stranded lesion in DNA in G1 phase, a sensor protein known as ATM binds the DNA lesion site. ATM is a serine/threonine kinase which phosphorylates another kinase known as chk2. After phosphorylation,<u> chk2 stabilizes transcription factor p53.</u> p53 further acts as a transcription factor for the synthesis of a protein known as p21 which inhibits G1 phase specific CDK and ultimately cell is arrested in G1 phase. The cell remains in arrested state until the DNA lesion is fully repaired. <u>Hence, p53 indirectly blocks G1 to S transition with the help of p21. </u>
As such <u>WAF1 transcription factor involving pathway</u><u> </u><u>also requires p21 protein for causing cell cycle arrest but in this pathway p21 is not synthesized with the help of p53. </u>
Answer:
Yeasts, especially Saccharomyces species, are primarily known from whole cell reductive activity [64, 65] and are used in the food industry for the production of alcoholic beverages as well as for bread fermentation [3]. However, yeasts are a source of enzymes such as: lipases, dehydrogenases, or invertase.
Explanation:
Answer:. Nondisjunction during meiosis I in either the male and female gamete
The failure of homologous chromosome to separate at mitosis, or failure of sister chromatids to separate at Anaphase of meiosis I or ii is called non-disjunction.
In this cell division anomaly the unsegregated chromosomes are separated into cells as single chromosomes, therefore extra copies are therefore inherited.This result is one of the cell having an extra copies of chromosomes than others( chromosomes 21.
If this extra chromosome copies is segregated into a sperm or egg, the resulting zygote cells will have extra copy as chromosome 21, and hence Down syndrome.
→It is more common in Meiosis 1 than ii,because of longer duration of the first stage of division than meiosis ii,given rooms to errors.
→Most common in women(with age increase) than men because of exchange of telomeres in them,which worsen with age. Their Meiotic mechanism which weaken with age, and more prone to errors compare to men,
Explanation:
Explanation:
<h3><u>If the genes were linked:</u></h3>
<u>Parental cross: EW/EW X ew/ew</u>
F1 genotype: EW/ew
F1 Gametes:
- Parentals (more abundant): EW and ew
- Recombinant (less abundant): Ew and eW
<u>Test cross: EW/ew X ew/ew</u>
<u>F2 genotypes:</u>
- Parentals: EW/ew; ew/ew;
- Recombinant: Ew/ew; eW/ew
<h3><u>If the genes are not linked:</u></h3>
<u>Parental cross: EEWW X eeww</u>
F1 genotype: EeWw
F1 gametes: EW, Ew, eW, ew. Genes assort independently, so all of the possible gametes of the F1 individual will have the same probability.
<u>Test cross: EeWw X eeww</u>
<u>F2 genotypes:</u>
- 1/4 EeWw, 1/4 Eeww, 1/4 eeWw, 1/4 eeww