Airplanes,mail delivery, revolution in printing, and photography improved if
The item that was NOT a cause of the Reformation:
C. The desire to spread Islam to Western Europe.
Further details:
The Roman Catholic Church failed to provide much hope or comfort to people during the years of the 100 Years War and the devastation of the Black Death. Corruption within the church only became worse in the years that followed, and people were wanting change. Coupled with that were new ideas and challenges being posed by the start of the Scientific Revolution. Martin Luther, whose activity sparked the Reformation, was a contemporary of Nicolaus Copernicus, whose work sparked the Scientific Revolution.
Government Response to the Great Depression. ... Widespread unemployment during the 1930s exacerbated an already difficult situation by forcing the government to spend millions of dollars on various relief programs. Most, however, were ineffective.
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In astronomy, the geocentric model (also known as geocentrism, often exemplified specifically by the Ptolemaic system) is a superseded description of the Universe with Earth at the center. Under the geocentric model, the Sun, Moon, stars, and planets all orbit Earth.