Answer:
The setting up of spiritual or Church courts, by Lanfranc with the approval of king William 1, that dealt with ecclesiastical cases such that the law is based "Gods will" as written in the holy scriptures, meant that the determination of the ethical, governance as well as decision making of the Church to which members of the Church are to abide to are to be made. The ecclesiastical court was also adept at interpreting canon law and the judges are appointed by bishops and were led by priests
As such the Church court possessed far reaching powers in several European areas in the middle ages before the nation states developed
Explanation:
There was absolute monarchy reigning in France in the XVIII century. The power was concentrated in hands of the First and Second Estate, while the Third Estate did not have enough influence to participate in governing the country. Such a situation led to the discontent of middle, lower and working class that wanted to be heard. Consequently, the French Revolution of 1789-1799 pursued the following goals: reaching justice and equality in society, limiting power of the monarchy and aristocracy, extending influence of the lower class, creating a constitution. Not all the goals were achieved but there was a great success on the way to reaching them.
King Louis XVI was forced to provide the Third Estate with power and influence by the storm of Bastille. Bastille is the largest and the most famous French prison, which had been a symbol of suppression of lower classes for ages. A group of commoners dared storm the prison on 14th of July in 1789. This event provided the Third Estate with more power.
However, freedom and equality were not reached. The Third Estate developed and introduced the Civil Constitution, which appeared quite radical, providing the lower class with rights and freedom and limiting influence of monarchy and aristocracy. This means that the French Revolution succeeded in getting rights and relative freedom for the lower class but it did not reach the whole goal. For example, freedom for slavery in French colonies led to a disaster because slaves did not know what to do when they got this freedom.
Despite of all the achievements, the French Revolution gradually failed. The Third Estate, which was named the National Assembly, tried to protect the ideas of revolution and to save own power by pursuing people, who criticized the revolt, sentencing them to prisons and to death. This led to mistrust and disappointment of the lower class. To sum up, the French Revolution was not successful at reaching all the goals but it was a great step to creating a democratic society, which influenced history of the whole humanity.
Answer: Autocracy and Oligarchy are the two main types of Dictorships.
Explanation:
Autocracy - a system of government by one person with absolute power.
Oligarchy - a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.
I hope this helps you and good luck!
Because of the various technological and industrial advancement, there was huge growth of cities in America.
Explanation:
Many new possibilities if employment were opened in America which allowed many immigrants to occupy in order to have a better livelihood. Transatlantic railroad construction companies observed Asians to be the cheapest form of labor and many Chinese were employed in the construction of it. Urbanization in America led to the growth of busy commercial cities like Boston, New York and Philadelphia.
Textile mills and many sweat shops attracted the women workers too. Although, cities sprang up to be developed during the nineteenth century, it also paved way for many reform movements like labor union movements, women suffrage movements.
It transitions the US at least from a period of negative economic aura to a high economic aura.
