Step 1: Lysis
In this step, the cell and the nucleus are broken open to release the DNA inside and there are two ways to do this. First, mechanical disruption breaks open the cells. This can be done with a tissue homogenizer (like a small blender), with a mortar and pestle, or by cutting the tissue into small pieces. Mechanical disruption is particularly important when using plant cells because they have a tough cell wall. Second, lysis uses detergents and enzymes such as Proteinase K to free the DNA and dissolve cellular proteins.
Step 2: Precipitation
When you complete the lysis step, the DNA has been freed from the nucleus, but it is now mixed with mashed up cell parts. Precipitation separates DNA from this cellular debris. First, Na + ions (sodium) neutralize the negative charges on the DNA molecules, which makes them more stable and less water-soluble. Next, alcohol (such as ethanol or isopropanol) is added and causes the DNA to precipitate out of the aqueous solution because it is not soluble in alcohol.
Step 3: Purification
Now that DNA has been separated from the aqueous phase, it can be rinsed with alcohol to remove any remaining unwanted material and cellular debris. At this point, the purified DNA is usually re-dissolved in water for easy handling and storage.
5 points? Hcfccgfjir ugh hbbb
answer:
social contracts can be explicit, such as laws.
what you CAN and CANNOT do.
example: if you are going 80 miles an hour in a speed zone where the speed limit is 45 you will get fined or you will get a ticket, or you could even go to jail.
rules are implicit, such as raising one's hand in class to speak.
example: the most that could happen is that you don't get to ask your question if you don't raise your hand.
explanation:
the u.s. constitution is often cited as an explicit example of part of america's social contract. it sets out what the government can and cannot do.
any good social contact has/is:
values/principles
clear and specific
has consequences that relate as directly to the rule as possible
psa:
*please do not just copy my answer it was meant to help you not just give you anything to put down!
*if you think my answer is good or will get an a please give me brainliest or high stars.
*love yourself. you're beautiful, i promise.
thank you,
please treat people with kindness, wear a mask, and have a lovely day.