The Victorian age (under the reign of Queen Victoria, through almost all of the 19th century) was a historical period in Britain characterized, for women, as being conservative in the sense that women were expected to remain at home and not participate in the sphere of politics or labor, instead focusing on morality and taking care of the family household.
For these reasons, the Brontë sisters, who were very prolific literary authors, chose different pseudonyms or pennames to publish their works. Charlotte chose as her pseudonym Currer Bell; Emily chose Ellis Bell; and Anne chose Acton Bell.
They wrote under a pseudonym - a fake name. The Bronte sisters wrote under Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell. Charlotte Bronte went by Currer Bell, Emily by Ellis, and Anne was Acton.