The
Scarlet Letter shows readers the lives of a Puritan community in the 17th
century. Religion (blind religion) meant everything to them, and the words of
their Reverends was law. Breaking any religious rules was punished by public
humiliation and punishment of the person who committed it, for example, Hester
Prynne. When the church found out that she was committing adultery, they forced
her to wear a scarlet letter 'A' on her chest, so that her sin could follow her
everywhere and she (and others in the community), could be constantly reminded
of it. <span>
<span>This kind of belief in punishing supposed "sinners"
made relationships between men and women in this Puritan community very
strained. Religion governed their way of life. They failed to realize that no
human is perfect, and no human can precisely follow that kind of a lifestyle.
In the end, when the reader finds out who the man was that Hester had committed
adultery with, it is obvious what Hawthorne was trying to communicate about
such strict organized religion; no one is as perfect as God, therefore looking
up to reverends and priests in such a blind belief is dangerous because they
are only human and make similar mistakes as everyone else.</span></span>
Charles and his wife Elizabeth Christine had not had children, since 1711, Charles had been the sole surviving male member of the House of Habsburg. Charles's older brother, Joseph I, had died without male issue, leaving Joseph's daughter Maria Josepha as the heir presumptive. That presented two problems. First, a prior agreement with his brother, known as the Mutual Pact of Succession, had agreed that in the absence of male heirs, Joseph's daughters would take precedence over Charles's daughters in all Habsburg lands. Though Charles had no children, if he were to be survived by daughters alone, they would be cut out of the inheritance. Secondly, because Salic law precluded female inheritance, Charles VI needed to take extraordinary measures to avoid a protracted succession dispute, as other claimants would have surely contested a female inheritance. Charles VI was definitely succeeded by his own elder daughter, Maria Theresa (born 1717). However, despite the promulgation of the Pragmatic Sanction, her accession in 1740 resulted in the outbreak of the War of the Austrian Succession as Charles-Albert of Bavaria, backed by France, contested her inheritance. After the war, Maria Theresa's inheritance of the Habsburg lands was confirmed by the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, and the election of her husband, Francis I, as Holy Roman Emperor was secured by the Treaty of Füssen.
he Berlin Conference of 1884–85, also known as the Congo Conference (German: Kongokonferenz) or West Africa Conference (Westafrika-Konferenz), regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power.
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