Hagia Sophia was built at Constantinople, which is currently known as Turkey during the past centuries. It is established with two floors which a high ceiling together with other smaller domes. Its dimensions are formidable, like any structure that is not built with steel. The primary purpose of Hafia was for Islamic worship, but it was transformed into a museum.
Therefore, the building of Hagia Sophia leads to great revolt that affected Constantinople significantly leading to riots in the city by Byzantine culture.
I believe the answer is: the independent variable in this study.
Independent variable refers to the type of variable that cannot be affected by other variables and would by the researchers as a control group. To measure which one is better of driving, examples of the independent variables that could be used are : Number of accidents, number of traffic violation, number of gender who compete in professional driving, etc.