The one that does not have a strong influence on the American English in the Late Modern English period was A. Separation from England. Late Modern English is from 1800-present. The changes in vocabulary in this time was due to industrial revolution as well as scientific advancements and colonialism as well.
The answer would be D) A ''Big Year'' offers many rewards beyond winning because in the paragraph its talking about all the more important rewards other than the rank winner, but instead you get new friends, see new things, and opportunity to do something you love.