"In republics, citizens have less direct control over government. ... (c) Why do some people hold that the United States is more properly called a republic rather than a democracy? In a Democracy there is no need for a Constitution, since the majority can simply change Law at a whim."
From google
It matters not just what information is collected but also what inferences and predictions are made based upon it. Personal data is used by algorithms to make incredibly important decisions, like whether someone should maintain their health care benefits, or be released on bail.
Mercator projection is suitable for maritime navigation
-1 on which axis? Is this all the information given in the question?