The Catholic Churches would often send missionaries, which would go across boundaries and geographical areas to spread Christianity and sometimes even of proselytizing others.(Proselytism is the act of converting to Christianity.)
He trained rats in the correct route through a maze,then deliberately damaged their brains and observed that this did not inhibit their progress through the maze.
The rule of Pericles was simply a period of time after the Persian Wars, where Athens was trying to recoup from the war. Oftentimes, this was used to build up the treasury to ensure that Athens would return back to its originally glorious state.