Optiion C. Ther Umayads held onto power in Modern-day Spain and Portugal.
<h3>Who were the Umayads?</h3>
This was the name that was used to refe rto the first Muslim dynasty. They were established in the year 661 in Damascus.
After they were overthrown they were known to have held on to power in what is now the current Portugal and Spain.
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The first forms of writing were from egyptions
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Great archipelago Indonesia,
Islam spread to Mali mainly through trade with Arab traders.