Well, this is a big question because of the many characters, I’ll help you with one though. Eliezer learns a LOT over the war. I mean the kid lost his mother, sister and father. He learned to stand up for himself, how to survive, about his faith & SO much more.
It's c. Narrator tells the story
Well you use context clues, (by the way this is called finding it indirectly :P), and visualize what the theme and message the author's tryna get across, like for example in The Lorax; They don't DIRECTLY state it, but based on the story sequence and structure, you could conclude that the central idea is to take care of Earth, and appreciate the things that comes out of it, because they may not be there for granted if we continue to pollute. c:
personafaction because she is comparing summer and sun to soilders and patriots i think this what ur asking fro i hope it helps :)