The National Labor Union (NLU) followed the unsuccessful efforts of labor activists to form a national coalition of local trade unions. The National Labor Union sought instead to bring together all of the national labor organizations in existence, as well as the "eight-hour leagues" established to press for the eight-hour day, to create a national federation that could press for labor reforms and help found national unions in those areas where none existed. The new organization favored arbitration over strikes and called for the creation of a national labor party as an alternative to the two existing parties.
The NLU drew much of its support from construction unions and other groups of skilled employees, but also invited the unskilled and farmers to join. On the other hand, it campaigned for the exclusion of Chinese workers from the United States and made only halting, ineffective efforts to defend the rights of women and blacks. African-American workers established their own Colored National Labor Union as an adjunct, but their support of the Republican Party and the prevalent racism of the citizens of the United States limited its effectiveness.
The NLU achieved an early success, but one that proved less significant in practice. In 1868, Congress passed the statute for which the Union had campaigned so hard, providing the eight-hour day for government workers. Many government agencies, however, reduced wages at the same time that they reduced hours. While President Grant ordered federal departments not to reduce wages, his order was ignored by many. The NLU also obtained similar legislation in a number of states, such as New York and California, but discovered that loopholes in the statute made them unenforceable or ineffective.
In early 1869, the Chicago Tribune boasted that the NLU had 800,000 members; Sylvis himself put the figure at only 600,000. Both of these figures turned out to be greatly exaggerated.[2] It collapsed when it adopted the policy that electoral politics, with a particular emphasis on monetary reform<span>[citation needed]</span>, were the only means for advancing its agenda. The organization was spectacularly unsuccessful at the polls and lost virtually all of its union supporters, many of whom moved on to the newly formed Knights of Labor. The depression of the 1870s, which drove down union membership generally, was the final factor contributing to the end of the NLU.
<span>The Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem, New York, spanning the 1920s. During the time, it was known as the "New Negro Movement", named after the 1925 anthology by Alain Locke. The Movement also included the new African-American cultural expressions across the urban areas in the Northeast and Midwest United States affected by the African-American Great Migration,[1] of which Harlem was the largest. The Harlem Renaissance was considered to be a rebirth of African-American arts.Though it was centered in the Harlem neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan in New York City, many francophone black writers from African and Caribbean colonies who lived in Paris were also influenced by the Harlem Renaissance.The Harlem Renaissance is generally considered to have spanned from about 1918 until the mid-1930s.Many of its ideas lived on much longer. The zenith of this "flowering of Negro literature", as James Weldon Johnson<span> preferred to call the Harlem Renaissance, took place between 1924 and 1929.</span></span>
Answer: the availability of water power.
During the Industrial Revolution, the textile industry was mechanized and increasingly done in an industrial scale. One of the most important additions was the fully mechanized water-power system that Samuel Slater brought from England. He smuggled (as it was against the law) his knowledge of textile machinery to the United States, and in 1793, established a cotton-spinning mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. The availability of water power made this a perfect location. He went on to build several more cotton and wool mills throughout New England.
Answer:
The answer is :
B. ratification of a Constitutional Amendment.
Explanation:
Article V of the US Constitution says how amendments can be incorporated into the text. A vote of two-thids of the House and the Senate is one way. In the case of states, it requires an application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the states in order to consider them. Nevertheless, for passage of an amendment, three-fourths of the state legislatures must vote favorably.
Mercenaries were groups of people that pretty much had no loyalty to a single nation. The fought along with nations that paid them (roman empire in this case).
