The correct answer is D, as the Soviet Union exerted strict control over its media, while the United States didn't.
Censorship in the Soviet Union was a persuasive phenomenon of state ideological pressure that was valid throughout the history of that country (1922-1991), although with certain ups and downs. There were two periods of relaxation: the first, after the death of the dictator Joseph Stalin in 1953, and the second during the politics of glasnost ("transparency") launched by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1986.
Absolutely all the press media within the Soviet Union were strictly controlled by the State, whether it was radio, television, books, magazines and newspapers. This was achieved through the exclusive state ownership of all facilities dedicated to production, so that its members must necessarily be employees of the State. This also extended to the fine arts, including theater, opera and ballet. Music concerts and art exhibitions could only be held in controlled places previously authorized by the State.
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The intersection between the supply curve (an upward sloping function) and the demand curve (a downwardsloping function) determines the equilibrium point of a market. The equilibrium is the point which represents the exact market price and quantity demanded/supplied at which the wishes of consumers and suppliers meet.
<u>When the market is not in the equilibrium point</u>, two different situations could be happening:
- Excess demand: this is a situation in which the market price is located below the equilibrium price. The quantity demanded at that market price would exceed the amount that the producers are willing to produce and supply at that same price. Therefore, not all consumers are able to obtain the product they desire and there is rationing.
- Excess supply: at a certain price located above the equilibrium, the quantity that suppliers are willing to produce exceeds the amount demanded by consumers at that more expensive price. Therefore, suppliers would not be able to sell their whole production in the market.
