Answer:
Cell-mediated immunity develops through a network of interactions that results in defense against microorganisms that survive within phagocytes or other cells. The response is initiated by the recognition of intracellular microorganism antigen by T cells through the histocompatibility complex. In the CD8 response, only the target cell carrying the class I associated antigen can be lysed or induced to apoptosis. In another mechanism of the cellular response, CD4 + Th1 T cells activate, for example, cytokine-infected macrophages such as IFN. When a pathogen resists the effects of activated macrophages, chronic infection may develop.
The hormonal immunity response leads to the destruction of extracellular microorganisms and prevents or decreases the spread of intracellular cells by neutralizing, opsonizing and activating the complement system.
I think tracheae which is B not sure tho
Maybe not because after light increases stomas will decrease and after that plant leaf will take less co2 and less co2 mean less synthesis in the plant.
Cell has cell membrane<span> (also known as the </span>plasma membrane<span> or </span>cytoplasmic membrane<span>) it is a </span>biological membrane<span> that separates the </span>interior<span> of all </span>cells<span> from the </span>outside environment.<span> The cell membrane is </span>selectively permeable<span> to </span>ions<span> and </span>organic molecules<span>and </span>controls the movement of substances<span> in and out of cells.</span><span>The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings.</span>
