Answer:
Photosystem I (PS-I )and photosystem II (PS-II ) are two multi-protein complexes. These complexes contain the pigments used to absorb, harvest and catalyze the photons and light energy in the photosynthetic reactions. The main purpose of photosynthesis reactions to produce high chemical energy compounds.
Photosystem I and II are different from each other because of their absorbing wavelength of light. PS-I absorbs the longer wavelength of light than PS-II.
PS-I plays the major role in the production of high energy carriers ATP and NADPH using light energy (700 nm).
PS-II plays its function in the hydrolysis of water and ATP synthesis using light energy (680 nm).
Fungi spread spores that land on organic matter and grow in to fungi that decompose the matter.
Gastroileal reflex is triggered by food in the stomach, relaxes the ileocecal valve, and allows residue into the cecum.
The gastroileal reflex is triggered by the presence of food in the stomach as well as gastric peristalsis.
Gastroileal reflex brings about peristalsis in the ileum as well as the opening of the ileocecal valve, which in turn facilitates the emptying of the ileal constituents into the large intestine or colon.
The gastroileal reflex is one among the three extrinsic reflexes of the gastrointestinal tract. The other two include the gastrocolic reflex as well as the enterogastric reflex.
This type of gastrointestinal reflex is moderated by the vagus nerve and gastrin.
To learn more about peristalsis here
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Since hemophilia is an X-linked recessive disorder, the probability depends on the X alleles.
So, if father has dominant allele (H), the probability that a <span>female child would suffer from hemophilia (genotype: hh) is 0%, no matter of mother's genotype:
Father Mother
Parents: H x Hh
Daughter: HH or Hh
</span> Father Mother
Parents: H x HH
<span>Daughter: HH
</span>
Father Mother
Parents: H x hh
<span>Daughter: Hh or Hh
</span>
But, if the father has recessive allele, the probability that a <span>female child would suffer from hemophilia (genotype: hh) will depend on mother's genotype.
If mother is dominant homozygous, there will be 0% of possibility:
</span> Father Mother
Parents: h x HH
<span>Daughter: Hh
</span>
If mother is recessive homozygous, the possibility is 100%:
Father Mother
Parents: h x hh
<span>Daughter: hh
</span>
If mother is heterozygous, the possibility is 50%:
Father Mother
Parents: h x Hh
<span>Daughter: Hh or hh</span>
