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Lincoln was alluding to whether or not the South had actually departed the Union when he described it as a "pernicious abstraction."
<h3>What led the South to break away from the Union?</h3>
Many contend that the Southern states' desire to protect the system of slavery was the fundamental reason behind the conflict. Others downplay slavery and emphasize other aspects, including taxes or the concept of states' rights.
<h3>What made Lincoln pardon the South?</h3>
Lincoln's Reconstruction program was built on the idea that the South had never really left the Union, and his plan for Reconstruction was based on forgiveness. In order to signal his determination to bring the once-united states back together, he therefore issued the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction in 1863.
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Samuel Johnson: Lexicographer
Adam Smith: Philosopher
Samuel Pepys: Diarist
Oliver Cromwell: Political leader
Details:
Samuel Johnson (1709-1784) published <em>A Dictionary of the English Language </em>in 1755, after many years of work on the project. It was the most commonly used English dictionary until the <em>Oxford English Dictionary </em>was first published in 1928.
Adam Smith (1723-1790) is best known for his economic theories, published in <em>An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations </em>(1776). However, he also is well respected in the philosophical field of ethics, with his notable work in that area being <em>The Theory of Moral Sentiments </em>(1759).
Samuel Pepys (1633-1703) was an administrator for the English navy and a member of Parliament. He is most famous, though, for a lengthy diary he kept for ten years of his life which provided thought and comments on events occurring at his time in history.
Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) was the leader of Parliament's movement against King Charles I, and the military leader against the king's forces in the English Civil War. He went on to run the Commonwealth of England after the king was deposed and executed. He later took up the title of Lord Protector of England.