This is a case of "negative reinforcement". The term was created by B.F. Skinner, and it is about not doing something in order to avoid suffering or pain (physical or psychological). A good example of negative reinforcement can be seen in the movie "A Clockwork Orange", directed by Stanley Kubrick. The main character goes to a correctional facility where he's forced to watch violent movies while experiencing an unimaginable sensation of nausea. The goal of the institution was to turn him into a non-violent individual by conditioning his brain to associate violence with feeling sick to his stomach. In fact, after such experiment he wasn't even able to enjoy Beethoven's music anymore, since it was played throughout the whole "therapeutic" movie sessions. In Herbie's case, he could no longer eat his daily chocolate chip cookies, since he didn't want to get nauseated again. It doesn't mean he would necessarily feel that way if he actually had the cookies, but he refused to eat them anyway, since he'd already been negatively reinforced not to eat them.
I don’t know what you mean but ok
D. He tells the judge to ask for any reward and he shall have it.
<span>In the 16th century, the Catholic Church had a practice of selling indulgences. An indulgence was a payment to the church that paid for you to be exempted from certain sins. Sometimes they could pay for a loved one to spend less time in purgatory.
Luther’s thesis 82 was aimed at the Pope, asking why the Pope doesn’t deliver ALL souls at the same time out of purgatory to relieve their misery. Is he only saving a few souls at a time so that he can get more money for the Catholic Church, thus exposing evil practices of the Catholic Church at that time.</span>
