Question

Just as police and judges can define certain people as criminal, so can health care professionals define who is "sick." this power is described by

Answer 1

For the answer to the question above, this labeling theory. 
labeling theory is the view of deviance according to which being labeled as a "deviant" leads a person to engage in deviant behavior. Originating in Howard Becker's work in the 1960s, labeling theory explains why people's behavior clashes with social norms.