Answer:
According to Dr. Ray Schiling (member of the American Academy of Anti-aging medicine) about 1.5 million people suffer from peanut allergies. The seeds of peanut (<em>Arachis hypogea</em>) contain an array of allergens that can induce the production of IgE specific antibodies predisposed individuals. Ara1 and Ara2 are most common seed storage protein that cause allergy. Other allergen proteins such as Ara3 to Ara 17 have also been identified that cause allergy.
Entry of peanut allergen into body
When peanut allergens enter the body of an individuals it leads to development of different symptoms like itchy skin, tingling sensation, nausea, runny nose and anaphylaxis.
Allergic response
There are two subsets of T-cells Th1 and Th2. Both invoke different response to allergens. Th1 direct a non-allergic response while Th2 direct allergic response ranging from releasing of histamine to anaphylactic response. The presence of IL-12 cytokines direct a Th1 based, nonspecific response.
Mechanism of allergic response (interaction between helper T cell and B cell)
Step 1.
When allergen enter to body they are encountered by B cells. Immunoglobulin receptors on the surface of B cells recognize antigen (Peanut allergens) and get attached, which are then internalized and processed. Within B cells the fragments of antigens combine with HLA class 2 proteins.
Step 2
HLA class 2 with antigen fragments (peanut allergens) then display on the surface of B cells.
Step 3
Receptors on the surface of helper T cells recognizes the complex of HLA class 2 and antigen fragments (peanut allergen) and is activated to produce cytokines, which activate the B cells.
Step 4
B cell is activated by cytokines and begins clonal expansion. Some of the progeny become anti-body producing plasma cells while other become memory B cells.
Answer:
Explanation:
No sarcasm is intended here, but which language would you pick?
English, French, Spanish, Italian, Greek or Russian, just to name a few. Latin is the root of many languages and most educated people understand enough of it to be able to identify what you are talking about.
Answer:
C) are sequence-specific DNA endonucleases
B) degrade foreign DNA that enters a bacterium.
Explanation:
Restriction enzymes are the proteins that cut the DNA at a specific sequence.
<u>Restriction enzymes are also known as restriction endonuclease produced by bacteria that recognizes a specific sequence on DNA and split it by catalyzing the hydrolysis or addition of water molecule. </u>So, Restriction enzymes are sequence-specific DNA endonucleases.
The biological role of restriction enzymes is to restrict the entry of foreign DNA into the bacterium. <u>Restriction enzymes have the ability to restrict the number of bacteriophage strains that affect bacteria.</u>
Hence, the correct options are "C and B"
Answer:
El término orgánulo se emplea para referirse a elementos o estructuras celulares que se encuentran en en el citoplasma de las células, cuyas funciones son bastante específicas, los cuales ha contribuido de manera considerable en el proceso evolutivo.
Ahora bien, dicho lo anterior y respondiendo de forma más concreta la pregunta, puede decirse entonces, que el citoplasma representa la parte de la célula que contiene los orgánulos, presentándose con mayor frecuencia en las células eucariotas debido a que poseen una forma determinada, caso contrario de las células procariotas.
Explanation:
