The famous person who was defeated seven times in his political career was Abraham Lincoln. He was defeated for the legislature in 1832 then defeated in run for the Illinois House Speaker in 1838. In 1843 he lost in nomination for Congress and again lost in his re-nomination to Congress in 1848. He was defeated for Senate when legislature in Illinois elects Lyman Trumbull in 1855. In 1856 he was lost in nomination for Vice-President and in 1858 he wins Senate’s popular vote but loses election to Stephen Douglas.
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The invasions of Germanic groups led to a series of negative changes . Three effects of the Germanic invasions were halt on trade. Transportation of goods became unsafe. Less people were educated, and Europe no longer had one spoken language, unable to be understood by all.
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The article generalizes and systematizes the non-applied research of motivation issues; a variety of definitions and motivational theories, their features and interrelations, as well as methodological foundations of the formation of the motivational mechanism are under consideration. Based on the theoretical study of advanced scientific thought, motivation is regarded as a dynamic process of motive formation in the context of the digital economy. The authors consider the fundamental principles of the formation of the motivational mechanism, the influence of various factors on the motivation of an employee; the methods of motivation and their characteristics are systematized. The studies of staff motivation issues of LLC Engineering Research Center are presented. Special techniques are used that are relevant, in particular, in the context of digital economy; the rating of the values of the employees, the rating of the degree of satisfaction of needs, the degree of correspondence between them and the degree of mental tension, the main motivators of the individual and the group, as well as the degree of manifestation of the signs of interaction in the team are identified. The research results were used as a basis for the development of the methods of staff motivation improvement that meet both social and material needs of the staff and the needs for self-expression that are codirectional with the goals of organization. An advanced model of the methodology of implementation of the motivation system with due account for the main problems of the activities of the organization is presented; its stages are described.
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