He believed in making a new "perfect aryan race". Jews didn't fit that description, so he decided to kill them. He killed anybody really, but Jews were his main target as he was very anti-Semitic and blamed them for basically all of the worlds problems.
The main effects of the Great Awakening on the Colonies were the formation of a new religion movement and an increase of interest in religious matters. This religious movement also had an impact on the political and cultural spheres.
Well, in general, world-wide I would say that the best answer is D. - political parties unite people who have the same views and would like to promote these views exercising political powers.
On a local scale, the parties need to follow laws (and in some countries, the law might only allow one party) and they might even only exist to support a certain candidate (but usually it's the other way: the candidate represents the party).