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Kisachek [45]
3 years ago
12

Schmeck followed up on an article with another one titled "Critics Say Coffee Study Was Flawed." List three potential sources of

confounding mentioned in this aricle and comment on why these could potentially destroy any claim to cause and effect?
English
1 answer:
strojnjashka [21]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

a) Potential Sources of confounding:

1) Pancreatic cancer patients were being compared with persons hospitalized for cancerous diseases.  Coffee may likely aggravate the pains of pancreatic cancer patients unlike other cancer patients because the latter's cancer diseases were not digestive.

2) Unintended bias was introduced by investigators in questioning patients.  The investigators asked questions on coffee drinking habits of those already hospitalized.  This biased the drinking of coffee as a predisposing factor.

3) There could be differences among men and women because of other habits.  While drinking more coffee predisposed women to cancer, according to the confounding statements, drinking even more did not have much difference in men.

Explanation:

"CRITICS SAY COFFEE STUDY WAS FLAWED" was an article in New York Times written by Harold M. Schmeck Jr. on June 30, 1981.   It attempted to critique the study of drinking coffee and its disposal to cause cancer to the drinkers.

In this article, he introduced the views of critics of the Coffee Study which was earlier published in the New England Journal of Medicine and the accompanying refutal by the researchers.

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Answer:

Raw materials arrived in bigger towns with great frequency, which meant that these towns and cities could grow and develop faster.

Explanation:

The given question is about the text <em>California and Mesopotamia: Similarities and Differences.</em>

The options you were given are the following:

  • Raw materials arrived in bigger towns with great frequency, which meant that these towns and cities could grow and develop faster.
  • Overland transportation at that time was painfully slow and clunky, via simple wheeled pushcarts, or pack animals such as donkeys and camels.
  • The canals provided a built-in transportation system for the Sumerian and Akkadian peoples who first settled the place.
  • These rivers had many different branches, tributaries, feeding into them, creating a vast network of streams and canals.

The correct option is the first one as it directly states that water transportation helped towns and cities develop faster, making it crucial for the economical development of Mesopotamia. The rest of the options do not.

The second states why overland transportation wasn't the best, why it made things harder. There is nothing about water transportation.

The third simply states that the canals provided the Sumerian and Akkadian peoples with a transportation system. It doesn't say why that's good, unlike the first one.

The fourth would be the worst option as it doesn't include any information about transportation systems.

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