The poles receive more direct sunshine so it has to do with the angle that the light hits. The Earth is round and when light hits it the light wraps around the earth. At the poles the light is very stretched and at the equator it is very direct hence it is hotter at the poles.
Picture please ? So I can see how to answer this
The answer to your question is: D. rainfall and ocean waves.
Looking at both figures shows that rain and the waves have changed the terrain.
Uneven distribution of wealth, increased population leads to crowded urban areas which could be unsanitary, immigration can cause cultural conflicts
C. tobacco tourism and sugar