The split into Sunni and Shia of the religion of Islam can traced back to the dispute over the question of Muhammad's successor. Thus, the answer is letter C. It was believed that the dispute emerged in 632 just after the death of the Prophet Muhammad.
It was invaded by the Ummayad Caliphate and kingdoms popped up to fight against the Muslim empire
Both were poor peasants; other leaders were upper-class or well educated or from the military.
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