Answer:
1. Japanese attack - Pearl Harbor
The Japanese made a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, in Hawaii, which started the pacific front of World War II.
2. location of Allied invasion of France - Normandy
The allies invaded Normandy during the D-Day, and from that moment, they began to push Nazi Germany back in the Western Front.
3. first atomic bomb dropped - Hiroshima
The first atomic bomb was dropped in Hiroshima, a Japanese city in the South of Japan.
5. world peace organization - United Nations
The UN was established in San Francisco, and the main goal of the organization has always been to promote world peace.
8. prevent the spread of Communism - Cold War
The Cold War was a conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union, after World War II. The two countries never entered in a direct war, hence the name of "Cold War".
9. Allied strategy in the Pacific - island hopping
Because the Japanese dominated many islands in the Pacific, and Japan itself is an island nations, the allies implemented the strategy of island hopping, in order to eventually reach Japan.
10. began reforms in the Soviet Union - Mikhail Gorbachev
Gorbachev started several reforms in the Soviet Union. Particularly: glasnot, which means transparency, and Perestroika, which means restructuring.
11. first artificial satellite - Sputnik
Sputnik was the first satellite sent into space. It was sent by the Soviet Union in 1957.
12. easing of strained relations - Detente
Detente was the strategy started by Nixon, in order to normalize the relations between the United States, the Soviet Union, and China.
13. Nixon's Secretary of State - Henry Kissinger
Henry Kissinger was the leader of Nixon's foregin policy, and one of the most influential secretaries of state in U.S. history.
14. day of victory for the Allied powers in Europe - V-E Day
Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945, and this day marked the allied victory in Europe.
These three items really do not seem to have a matchable pair:
4. based on fear and threats
6. Benito Mussolini
7. Adolf Hitler
