Question

Europeans believed, generally, in the geocentric theory of the universe, even though this model had been contradicted by empirical evidence discovered and proposed several hundred years
b.c.e. by:

Answer 1

The answer here would be Aristarchus. He presented the first known Solar System model that showed the sun as being the center of the universe with the earth revolving it. He was also the first one to show that the Earth rotated on an axis.