Islam spread into Europe in 1543
There are several ways that Southern states undermined the rights of African-Americans. Here are just a couple:
1) Poll taxes- These taxes were forced onto Southern citizens in order to vote in elections. These negatively impacted African-Americans, especially after the Reconstruction period. This is because former slaves were still struggling to earn a fair wage for their work.
2) Literacy tests- These were written exams given to individuals before they voted. If they did not pass, they did not get to vote. This undermined the ability of African-Americans to vote, as many of them did not have formal schooling experience and could not read/write.
President Richard Nixon is the only president to resign from the office and was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. Vice president Gerald R. Ford of Michigan took the office as the new president to complete the remaining 2 1/2 years of Nixon's term.
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Motivations for colonization: Spain's colonization goals were to extract gold and silver from the Americas, to stimulate the Spanish economy and make Spain a more powerful country. Spain also aimed to convert Native Americans to Christianity.
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