As long as the German's were fighting a war on two fronts, they couldnt send the resources they needed to the western front, allowing the allies to make some major pushes into occupied territory.
I think that the Answer: is a
Explanation:
It had no executive branch to enforce the laws of the land, congress has no power to tax individual states, and each state printed its own currency.
The answer would be the first one because during the Nullification Crisis, he sided with the south and agreed with them that they shouldn't have to follow a law they believed to be unconstitutional.