Answer:
Portugal was the first European power to establish a bridgehead in maritime Southeast Asia with the conquest of the Sultanate of Malacca in 1511. The Netherlands and Spain followed and soon superseded Portugal as the main European powers in the region. In 1599, Spain began to colonise the Philippines.
Explanation:
Tariff reduction is the the reduction of taxes on an item being shipped to another country. The answer is the last one. Birth and death rate directly causes population growth or decline. Migration can help people thrive in an environment which means more population. I hope this helps!
An economy based on trade