Conrad Gessner invented the first pencil.
England.
Between the two nations, there had been much conflict over this channel, England being the one to hold control of it before hand.
Hope this helps!
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<em><u>Al-Azhar</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>is</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>a</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>Islamic</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>cen</u></em><em><u>t</u></em><em><u>r</u></em><em><u>e</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>of</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>learning</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>i</u></em><em><u>n</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>Cairo</u></em><em><u>,</u></em><em><u>E</u></em><em><u>g</u></em><em><u>y</u></em><em><u>p</u></em><em><u>t</u></em><em><u>.</u></em></h2>
<em><u>HOPE</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>THIS</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>HELPS</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>U</u></em><em><u>.</u></em>
<em><u>IF</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>MY</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>ANS</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>WAS</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>HELPFUL</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>U</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>CA</u></em><em><u>N</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>FOLLOW</u></em><em><u> </u></em><em><u>ME</u></em><em><u> </u></em>
Answer:
-Some forces that may lead to supranationalism include economies of scale, trade agreements, military alliances, and transnational environmental challenges.
-Supranationalism is expressed in the creation of multinational organizations.
-Some forces that may lead to devolution of states include physical geography, ethnic separatism, terrorism, economic and social problems, and irredentism.
-Devolution is expressed in the fragmentation of states into autonomous regions (e.g., Nunavut, Native American Reservations), subnational political-territorial units (e.g., Spain, Belgium, Canada), or Balkanization (e.g., former Yugoslavia, the Caucasus).
-Advances in communication technology have facilitated devolution, supranationalism, and democratization.
Explanation:
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" Lee ordered this army to evacuate the positions they had held east of Richmond and Petersburg for the last nine months when he learned of the disaster at Five Forks. The army was to pull out that night, April 2, 1865, and head west. Lee hoped to be able to get to the vicinity of Greensboro, North Carolina with his army, and unite his command with that of Joseph E. Johnston, and continue the fight. He was cut off and compelled to surrender at Appomattox. "