Answer:
The dominant difference in agrarian and industrial societies is the freedom of individuals to participate in networks with high productivity. Agrarian society tends to organize around the need to violently defend or take land on which to grow crops, using hierarchies for command by an aristocracy. This aristocratic hierarchy then restricts participation in networks like markets, to channel the wealth from the land into their own families for control. When this control of wealth could not be maintained, we got the industrial revolution, with its most competent published description being:
"When a society moves from allocating resources by custom and tradition (moderns read here, by politics) to allocating resources by markets, they may be said to have undergone an industrial revolution" Arnold Toynbee-1884
IMHO, this freedom for market network activity is the *first* part of the industrial revolution seen, while other levels of human activity are also important. Intellectual freedoms of activity to participate in intellectual networks are needed to exchange ideas that lead to new markets. Spiritual freedoms of activity are needed for individuals to clarify the mind to perceive new ideas. Physical freedoms to change the physical environment are needed, so that people have the wealth and time to pay attention to spirit and intellect. Political freedoms are needed, to keep in check the tendency of agrarian culture reactionaries to retake control using corruption and confiscatory levels of taxation.
So, the difference between agrarian and industrial society turns out to be freedom of action, that agrarian culture suppresses, and industrial culture celebrates.
