Answer:
A systems of beliefs
Explanation:
According to the given question, the use of the word "philosophies" in the excerpt means "systems of beliefs".
This is because, it is described that Muir and Pinchot has a philosophy which were not at odds but rather work well together.
A bystander but he also stood up for him so he is also considered someone who stood up for the victim
The Come after linking verbs
