There are four basic stages at which freedom of the press has been or can
be limited: (1) access to information; (2) prior restraint on publishing
information (censorship, injunctions); (3) liability for publishing (libel and
invasion of privacy suits, fines and imprisonment); and (4) requiring
reporters to testify or otherwise disclose sources or materials gathered in
the course of their employment. While this fourth category technically does
not abridge freedom of the press-it does not bar access or prevent or punish
publications-the “chilling effect” it has upon the ability of reporters to
<span>function and to gain their sources’ confidence certainly merits its inclusion.</span>
I’m pretty sure it’s B but there’s a 20 percent chance I’m wrong
Answer:
Issues faced by immigrants to the United States at the turn of the century include: discrimination, low wages and hazardous working conditions, poor living and sanitary conditions and
Explanation:
At the end of 1800s, after the depression, the world saw an increase in the movements of peoples from parts of Europe and Latin America into the United States. Most of these immigrants came for several reasons. Some of these reasons ranged from search for better economic conditions to fleeing from famine areas, wars, religious, political and racial conflicts and persecutions.
- While on one hand it was generally believed that mass immigration brought innovations and progress caused by factors such as the increase in work force, labor could be found at a lower costs . Subjection to lower wages and to hazardous working conditions meant that these immigrants were easily exploited. Those from Italy fell prey of the "the padrones" - recruitment agents from Greece and Italy. Some of these nationals could be found in farmlands, the Polish Jew and Russians were known for their needle trade and pushcart abilities, the Hungarians, Slovaks, Greeks etc could be found in the coal mines. Many also flocked the cities centres in search of better way of living.
- Most of the immigrants not affording better traveling conditions and so came in steerage accommodations. On arriving into the United States they were kept in 'barn-like structures" during the periods of mass immigration awaiting screening after which they were probed and questioned on their health worthiness. Ill-looking or deemed to be disease carriers were prevented from entering into the United State.
- They faced suspicions and discrimination related to their reputation. They were questioned for hours to fish out criminals, anarchists and strikebreakers.
- Apart from these issues, the increase in population also meant low living conditions as urban accommodation and sanitation were being stretched to its limit as most could only afford overcrowded and unsanitary living conditions.
