Christopher Columbus is the explorer who is credited for discovering America. Of course, there were already people living in America at the time who we call Native Americans. There even was a European, Leif Ericsson, who had been to the Americas before. However, it was Columbus' voyage that started the exploration and colonization of the Americas.
The awnser is becasue the nations were united
During the Cultural Revolution, bourgeois intellectual were sent to re-education camps to be taught in a communist ideology. Many of them were teachers and professors in charge of the education of the common people. But their ideology didn't match the communist one, so they were sent to these camps to be taught how was like to be a peasant or a common person who had to work hard to survive. This movement despised intellectual labor and valued hand labor.