The Indian Removal Act took place in the first half of the 1800s under the presidencies of Andrew Jackson and Martin van Buren and directly led to the Trail of Tears, which resulted in the death of many members of tribes in the American South. It was considered controversial because the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the tribes' cause wherein the state of Georgia (which was actively seeking to evict the Indian inhabitants) was told it had no right to force their removal. Nevertheless, the president ordered their removal.
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The practice of segregating railroad cars was decided in the Supreme Court case Plessy vs Ferguson. In this case, Homer Plessy argues that even though he is 1/8th African-American, he should still be able to sit in the 1st class white section since he paid for a ticket there. The Supeme Court ruled against him stating that cars can be separated by race as long as they are equal. This concept of separate but equal became wildly popular in the US and was used in schools, restaurants, etc.
Joseph Stalin was the leader of the Soviet Union in the 1920s.
