Answer:
The options
a. New combinations of genes yielding genotypes of greater fitness
b. Few heterozygotes because of underdominance
c. Frequency-dependent selection, leading to fluctuations in fitness
d. Heterozygotes with greater fitness, owing to overdominance
e. A random assortment of genotypes because of genetic drift
The CORRECT ANSWER IS b.
b. Few heterozygotes because of under dominance
Explanation:
In genetics, underdominance (at times called "negative overdominance") is the opposite of overdominance.
It is the selection against the heterozygote, that leads to disruptive selection and divergent genotypes. It occurs in cases of inferior and reduced fitness (As in our case study, it is the different chromosomal fusions and inversions)
of the heterozygotic genotype to the dominant or recessive homozygotic genotype. It is unstable as it causes fixation of either allele.
Another example is the African butterfly species Pseudacraea eurytus, which makes use of Batesian mimicry to avoid predation. This species carries two alleles that gives a coloration that is alike to a different local butterfly species that is harmful to its predator. The butterflies who are heterozygous for this trait are observed to be intermediate in coloration and thus encounter an higher risk of predation and a decrease in the total fitness.
This illusion is an example of what you called an INDUCED MOVEMENT. It is called an induced movement because animated neon signs seem to move even though there is no physical movement in them. Induced movement or induced motion is an illusion in which people tend look into it moving even it is really not moving.
The right answer is A mutation.
Alteration of the genetic material (DNA or RNA) of a cell or virus that causes a change in certain traits due to the inheritance of this genetic material from generation to generation.
Abnormal modification of the DNA of a gene, either spontaneously during cell division, or under the influence of external agents called mutagens. This gene is modified to be transmitted to the daughter cells. Some mutations have no effect on the cell. Others are the first step in a long process of cancerization.
Rare are the mutations that are beneficial.
Biologist
study life to the extent to which they can uncover, unearth and investigate unseen,
latent and concealed life forms that are still many in number, these crawling
and under the water creatures. And in experimental sense, many biologists are
guided by the ethics in researching life forms. This is to protect and inhibit
other biologist in killing thousands of these living organisms and prevent them
from becoming extinct. Remember that biologists or any other scientists study
because of knowledge and to contribute to the scientific world of making the
ecosystem including us into a much better and cultured place and not the
opposite.
Hence, there are non-experimental and experimental approaches which
are all subject to ethics. In exploring life forms, it is quite unlimited but
studying life forms in experimental sense, it is somehow depends on the number
of species that the biologists’ study.
