For number four, you are correct. It was disease carrying mosquitos. That was why the colonists didn't have too many run-ins with the indians since the native american avoided the area for that very reason.
Number five is self-government which is where it is run by the people. So your answer would be Colonial Assembly.
I believe it is a claim because it does focus on the main idea and what the text/passage should be about. If not I deeply apologize.
