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Arada [10]
3 years ago
5

Why did Thomas Paine move to colonies?

History
1 answer:
KATRIN_1 [288]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

Thomas Paine arrived in the American colonies in 1774, as the conflict between aggrieved colonists and Britain was reaching its height. After the Battles of Lexington and Concord in 1775, Paine argued that the colonists' cause should be not just a revolt against taxation but a demand for independence.

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What animals were imported to the americas
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What position did the new cowboys get ?
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What were the ziggurats
iren2701 [21]

Answer:

_________________________

A ziggurat (/ˈzɪɡʊˌræt/ ZIG-uu-rat; Akkadian: ziqquratu,D-stem of zaqāru 'to protrude, to build high', cognate with other semitic languages like Hebrew zaqar (זָקַר) 'protrude' is a type of massive structure built in ancient Mesopotamia. It has the form of a terraced compound of successively receding stories or levels. Notable ziggurats include the Great Ziggurat of Ur near Nasiriyah, the Ziggurat of Aqar Quf near Baghdad, the now destroyed Etemenanki in Babylon, Chogha Zanbil in Khūzestān and Sialk.

The biblical account of the Tower of Babel has been associated by modern scholars to the massive construction undertakings of the ziggurats of Mesopotamia, and in particular to the ziggurat of Etemenanki in Babylon in light of the Tower of Babel Stele describing its restoration by Nebuchadnezzar II.

The design of the ziggurat was probably a precursor to that of the pyramids of Egypt, the earliest of which dates to circa 2600 BCE.

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Ziggurats were built by ancient Sumerians, Akkadians, Elamites, Eblaites and Babylonians for local religions. Each ziggurat was part of a temple complex that included other buildings. The precursors of the ziggurat were raised platforms that date from the Ubaid period[9] during the sixth millennium. The ziggurats began as a platforms (usually oval, rectangular or square). The ziggurat was a mastaba-like structure with a flat top. The sun-baked bricks made up the core of the ziggurat with facings of fired bricks on the outside. Each step was slightly smaller than the step below it. The facings were often glazed in different colors and may have had astrological significance. Kings sometimes had their names engraved on these glazed bricks. The number of floors ranged from two to seven.

According to archaeologist Harriet Crawford, "It is usually assumed that the ziggurats supported a shrine, though the only evidence for this comes from Herodotus, and physical evidence is non-existent. It has also been suggested by a number of scholars that this shrine was the scene of the sacred marriage, the central rite of the great new year festival. Herodotus describes the furnishing of the shrine on top of the ziggurat at Babylon and says it contained a great golden couch on which a woman spent the night alone. The god Marduk was also said to come and sleep in his shrine. The likelihood of such a shrine ever being found is remote. Erosion has usually reduced the surviving ziggurats to a fraction of their original height, but textual evidence may yet provide more facts about the purpose of these shrines. In the present state of our knowledge it seems reasonable to adopt as a working hypothesis the suggestion that the ziggurats developed out of the earlier temples on platforms and that small shrines stood on the highest stages..." citation needed] Access to the shrine would have been by a series of ramps on one side of the ziggurat or by a spiral ramp from base to summit. The Mesopotamian ziggurats were not places for public worship or ceremonies. They were believed to be dwelling places for the gods and each city had its own patron god. Only priests were permitted on the ziggurat or in the rooms at its base, and it was their responsibility to care for the gods and attend to their needs. The priests were very powerful members of Sumerian and Assyro-Babylonian society.

***********************************************************************

According to Herodotus, at the top of each ziggurat was a shrine, although none of these shrines have survived. One practical function of the ziggurats was a high place on which the priests could escape rising water that annually inundated lowlands and occasionally flooded for hundreds of kilometers, for example, the 1967 flood. Another practical function of the ziggurat was for security. Since the shrine was accessible only by way of three stairways, a small number of guards could prevent non-priests from spying on the rituals at the shrine on top of the ziggurat, such as initiation rituals like the Eleusinian mysteries, cooking of sacrificial food and burning of carcasses of sacrificial animals. Each ziggurat was part of a temple complex that included a courtyard, storage rooms, bathrooms, and living quarters, around which a city spread.

According to popular belief, the helical minaret of the Great Mosque of Samarra was built on the model of the Zikkurat. Another example of a ziggurat with an outer spiral ramp is the tower of Khorsabad.

Al Zaqura Building in Baghdad, constructed in the 1970s

The shape of the ziggurat experienced a revival in modern architecture and Brutalist architecture starting in the 1970s. The Al Zaqura - Arabic; الزاكورة- Building is an government building situated in Baghdad. It serves the office of the prime minister of Iraq.  

8 0
3 years ago
Matching: Using your completed Timeline of the events leading to the Declaration of the
koban [17]

Answer:

1700s express here we go :) READ all

Explanation:

1760s

1763

10 February: Signing of the Treaty of Paris

Ending the Seven Year’s War, also known as the French and Indian War in North America.  France ceded all mainland North American territories, except New Orleans, in order to retain her Caribbean sugar islands. Britain gained all territory east of the Mississippi River; Spain kept territory west of the Mississippi, but exchanged East and West Florida for Cuba.

7 October: Proclamation of 1763

Wary of the cost of defending the colonies, George III prohibited all settlement west of the Appalachian mountains without guarantees of security from local Native American nations. The intervention in colonial affairs offended the thirteen colonies' claim to the exclusive right to govern lands to their west.

1764

5 April: Sugar Act

The first attempt to finance the defence of the colonies by the British Government. In order to deter smuggling and to encourage the production of British rum, taxes on molasses were dropped; a levy was placed on foreign Madeira wine and colonial exports of iron, lumber and other goods had to pass first through Britain and British customs. The Act established a Vice-Admiralty Court in Halifax, Nova Scotia to hear smuggling cases without jury and with the presumption of guilt. These measures led to widespread protest.

1765

22 March: Stamp Act

Seeking to defray some of the costs of garrisoning the colonies, Parliament required all legal documents, newspapers and pamphlets required to use watermarked, or 'stamped' paper on which a levy was placed.

15 May: Quartering Act

Colonial assemblies required to pay for supplies to British garrisons. The New York assembly argued that it could not be forced to comply.

30 May: Virginian Resolution

The Virginian assembly refused to comply with the Stamp Act.

7-25 October: Stamp Act Congress

Representatives from nine of the thirteen colonies declare the Stamp Act unconstitutional as it was a tax levied without their consent.

1766

18 March: Declaratory Act

Parliament finalises the repeal of the Stamp Act, but declares that it has the right to tax colonies

1767

29 June: Townshend Revenue Act (Townshend Duties)

Duties on tea, glass, lead, paper and paint to help pay for the administration of the colonies, named after Charles Townshend, the Chancellor of the Exchequer. John Dickinson publishes Letter from a Philadelphian Farmer in protest. Colonial assemblies condemn taxation without representation.

1768

1 October: British troops arrive in Boston in response to political unrest

1770s

1770

5 March: Boston Massacre

Angered by the presence of troops and Britain's colonial policy, a crowd began harassing a group of soldiers guarding the customs house; a soldier was knocked down by a snowball and discharged his musket, sparking a volley into the crowd which kills five civilians.

12 April: Repeal of the Townshend Revenue Act

1772

10 June: Burning of the Gaspee

The revenue schooner Gaspee ran aground near Providence, Rhode Island and was burnt by locals angered by the enforcement of trade legislation

1773

July: Publication of Thomas Hutchinson letters

In these letters, Hutchinson, the Massachusetts governor, advocated a 'great restraint of natural liberty', convincing many colonists of a planned British clamp-down on their freedoms.

10 May: Tea Act

In an effort to support the ailing East India Company, Parliament exempted its tea from import duties and allowed the Company to sell its tea directly to the colonies. Americans resented what they saw as an indirect tax subsidising a British company.

16 December: Boston Tea Party

Angered by the Tea Acts, American patriots disguised as Mohawk Indians dump £9,000 of East India Company tea into the Boston harbour.

1774

May to June: Intolerable Acts

Four measures which stripped Massachusetts of self-government and judicial independence following the Boston Tea Party. The colonies responded with a general boycott of British goods.

September: Continental Congress

Colonial delegates meet to organise opposition to the Intolerable Acts.

1775

19 April: Battles of Lexington and Concord

First engagements of the Revolutionary War between British troops and the Minutemen, who had been warned of the attack by Paul Revere.

16 June: Continental Congress appoints George Washington commander-in-chief of Continental Army

Issued $2 million bills of credit to fund the army.

17 June: Battle of Bunker Hill

The first major battle of the War of Independence. Sir William Howe dislodged William Prescott's forces overlooking Boston at a cost of 1054 British casualties to the Americans' 367.

tish, German and loyalist forces under Major General John Burgoyne surrender to Major General Horatio Gates in a turning point in the Revolutionary War.

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