Answer:Although urban areas were usually less healthy places to live, trading cities pulled people to them with their thriving economies and job opportunities. These bustling cities became the places where cultures, ideas, and technological innovations were exchanged and spread.
Explanation:
Answer:
1 . dialects: speech which is not standard
2 . ziggurat: a very high tower
3 . Celts: ancient people of the British Isles
4 . emigrate: to leave one's country
5 . Indus Valley: where Aryan-speaking people lived
6 . Aryan: the language from which Indo-European came
7 . Tyndale: sixteenth century religious reformer who translated the Bible into English
8 . Normans: invaded England in 1066 AD
Explanation:
Dialects refers to the systematic differences in grammar and pronunciation of a language. Ziggurats are high towers in ancient Mesopotamia. The Celts were groups of prehistoric peoples who inhabited in various regions of Europe and Britain. Emigrate means to relocate abroad. The Indus Valley was a Bronze Age civilization in South Asia. Aryan is the language from which Indo-European languages derive. William Tyndale was an English scholar who translated the Bible from Hebrew and Greek into English. The Normans were groups of Scandinavian and Frankish peoples who settled in Normandy in around 912 and conquered England at the battle of Hastings.
The War of the Worlds is a science fiction novel by English author H. G. Wells first serialised in 1897 in the UK by Pearson's Magazine and in the US by Cosmopolitan magazine. The novel's first appearance in hardcover was in 1898 from publisher William Heinemann of London. Written between 1895 and 1897,[2] it is one of the earliest stories that detail a conflict between mankind and an extraterrestrial race.[3] The novel is the first-person narrative of both an unnamed protagonist in Surrey and of his younger brother in London as southern England is invaded by Martians. The novel is one of the most commented-on works in the science fiction canon.[4]
The plot has been related to invasion literature of the time. The novel has been variously interpreted as a commentary on evolutionary theory, British imperialism, and generally Victorian superstitions, fears and prejudices. At the time of publication, it was classified as a scientific romance, like Wells's earlier novel The Time Machine. The War of the Worlds has been both popular (having never been out of print) and influential, spawning half a dozen feature films, radio dramas, a record album, various comic book adaptations, a television series, and sequels or parallel stories by other authors. It has even influenced the work of scientists, notably Robert Goddard, who (inspired by the book) invented both the liquid fuelled rocket and multistage rocket, which resulted in the Apollo 11 moon landing 71 years later.[5]<span>[6]</span>
Food cost refers to the menu price of a certain dish in comparison to the cost of the food used to prepare that same dish. In other words, how much you pay for food will determine how much you need to charge for it. Generally, food cost should be around 30-35%. This means that if you pay $1.00 for something, you need to charge minimum of $3.34. It may seem like you are charging a lot more than necessary, but keep in mind that you aren't just paying for the food itself. You are paying someone to prepare the food, serve the food, and clean up after the food. Everything in your restaurant, from payroll to the electric bill needs to be covered by the food you serve.
Lets look at a typical menu item that many restaurants offer: Filet Mignon Dinner.
The initial cost of a filet mignon dinner can be broken down into the following areas:
The beef filet costs you $6.00 per portionThe wrap (the potato, vegetable, salad and bread that comes with the filet, as well as any condiments the guest asks for) costs $2.50Therefore, the entire meal costs you $8.50. If you wrapped the filet in bacon and topped it with herb butter (very tasty) your costs would increase.
So, then your prices would increase. Get the picture? Every thing that goes onto the customers plate needs to be accounted for.
So how do you decide on a final menu price? Time to brush up on that high school algebra you swore you'd never use.
The formula for costing goes as follows:
Cost of your product/.35=menu price or $8.50/.35= $24.29
$24.29 is the absolute minimum you need to charge in order to make a profit off the filet mignon dinner. Of course, $24.29 is an awkward looking number, so you might bump it up to $24.99. If you bumped it up to $29.99, your food costs would drop below 30%, which means you make a bigger profit.
Portion ControlOne reason that chain restaurants are so successful is that they have a firm handle on portion control. The cooks in those restaurants know exactly how much of each ingredient to put in every dish. For example, shrimp scampi may have a portion control of six shrimp per dish. Therefore, every shrimp scampi that goes out of that kitchen will have six shrimp in it, no more, no less.
This is portion control.
In order to practice portion control in your own kitchen, everything should be measured out. Chicken, beef and fish should all be weighed, while shredded cheese can be stored in portion control cups and a measuring cup can dish out mashed potatoes. Once you feel comfortable cooking your menu, you can eyeball the serving amounts (sort of like Rachael Ray) but in the early stages of your restaurant, err on the side of caution and measure everything out. Another way to practice portion control is to purchase pre-portioned items, such as steaks, burger patties, chicken breasts, and pizza dough. They may be more expensive, but can save you money in labor and food waste.
Well Balanced MenuFood markets fluctuate depending on the season, the weather and the price of gas. One day lettuce may be $10.00 a case and then the following week it has jumped to $30.00 a case. There is little you can do when prices jump, short of changing your entire menu every few weeks, and who has time for that? However, when you balance expensive items, which are prone to price fluctuations, with items that have stable prices, you can help maintain your desired food cost. So, go ahead and have some fresh lobster and beef on your menu, but temper it with some less expensively priced chicken dishes or pasta dishes.
