The act of staying out of the affairs of other countries, speaking in history terms.
Giving reason why another idea could work/be right, but ultimately telling why your argument is right and why the reader should believe you.
Northern: No slaves, mostly republican (our democrat) ideas, economy was based on trade and business
Southern: Slavery was supported, mostly (our idea of) republican, their economy was based on plantations and slaves
Hope this helps! Please let me know if I'm wrong or missed something. :)