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The Northern and Southern sections of the United States developed along different lines. The South remained a predominantly agrarian economy while the North became more and more industrialized. Different social cultures and political beliefs developed. All of this led to disagreements on issues such as taxes, tariffs and internal improvements as well as states rights versus federal rights.
Slavery
The burning issue that led to the disruption of the union was the debate over the future of slavery. That dispute led to secession, and secession brought about a war in which the Northern and Western states and territories fought to preserve the Union, and the South fought to establish Southern independence as a new confederation of states under its own constitution.
The agrarian South utilized slaves to tend its large plantations and perform other duties. On the eve of the Civil War, some 4 million Africans and their descendants toiled as slave laborers in the South. Slavery was interwoven into the Southern economy even though only a relatively small portion of the population actually owned slaves. Slaves could be rented or traded or sold to pay debts. Ownership of more than a handful of slaves bestowed respect and contributed to social position, and slaves, as the property of individuals and businesses, represented the largest portion of the region’s personal and corporate wealth, as cotton and land prices declined and the price of slaves soared.
The states of the North, meanwhile, one by one had gradually abolished slavery. A steady flow of immigrants, especially from Ireland and Germany during the potato famine of the 1840s and 1850s, insured the North a ready pool of laborers, many of whom could be hired at low wages, diminishing the need to cling to the institution of slavery.
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The Treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo was established in the war between the United States and Mexico. It was signed on February 2, 1848 and has been treated in the ancient past that is still in effect between the United States and Mexico. As a result of the treaty, the United States acquired more than one million two hundred thousand square kilometers of valuable territory and emerged as a world power at the end of the nineteenth century.
In the 1850s, reformers also came to power in Mexico and promised to strengthen the country's political system so as not to be more victims of US aggression. The reform of Benito Juarez ( President at the time) was the beginning of a process of political and economic modernization that continues to the present in Mexico.
