Indus River Valley marks the easternmost edge of Islam under the Umayyads. The Umayyad Caliphate was the second caliphate out of the four major caliphates that was established after Muhammad's death. The Umayyad dynasty rules the Umayyad Caliphate.
I believe your answer is B. people speaking their ideas against government in writing (sorry if I'm wrong)
A Sea because thats how it expand better
You can learn the structure, texture, terrain and culture.
Answer is C for one
praetors for two