1.word derivation.
2.gaining a negative connotation. pejoration
3.narrowing in meaning. etymology
4.going a positive connotation. amelioration
5.verb inflections. conjugation
6.ending denoting grammatical function. affix,syntax
7.broadening in meaning. generalization
8.relations of sentence parts. specializion
9.John inflections. declension
10.morphine added to a base. infection
A metaphor is comparing two things without like or as. if I were comparing her blonde hair to the sun rays I might say "her hair was golden rays of sunlight"
Cleaning up after environmental disasters