Both the Arctic (North Pole) and the Antarctic (South Pole) are cold because they don't get any direct sunlight. The Sun is always low on the horizon, even in the middle of summer. In winter, the Sun is so far below the horizon that it doesn't come up at all for months at a time. ... The Arctic is ocean surrounded by land.
Plant leaves and dead organic matter are broken down by decomposers,to produce soil nutrients for plants. This is an important role decomposers play in the nutrient cycles.
