Answer:
a) Garbage dumped in landfills are an eyesore to the general public.
Logos
I would argue that this is logos, the appeal to logic. This is because this is a reason why people should not pollute; garbage in landfills, a side effect of pollution, will be an eyesore. Since we don't want eyesores, we should not pollute.
b) As an environmental expert, I can speak with authority about the dangers of pollution.
Ethos
This is an appeal to ethics, or ethos, because of the phrase "an expert", as well as the word "authority". Being an environmental expert gives power to their opinions.
c) Pollution has a severe impact upon native animal populations.
Logos
This is an appeal to logic, or logos. This is because this is a logical argument - a cause and effect. Pollution has a severe impact on native animal populations, so we should not pollute.
d) If you pollute, you should be thrown in prison.
Pathos
This one is also a bit more difficult, so I would do process of elimination. Let's first look at logos. It doesn't really follow any logic. Let's next look at ethos. This one is a bit more promising, as you can argue that the government, or prison is an authority, but I would go with pathos, the appeal to emotion. There are two sides here; one is arguing that people who pollute should go to prison, and since people don't want to go to prison, it provokes an emotional response. Furthermore, prisons have negative connotations, so it could evoke a negative response within the reader that links prisons with pollution.
e) Pollution is an immoral act that instills guilt and shame in the person polluting.
Pathos
This is an appeal to emotion, or pathos. The keywords here are "guilt" and "shame". This is to try to invoke the emotions of guilt and shame within those who pollute in an attempt to get them not to pollute anymore.
Hope this helps!
